The application of spectroscopy techniques for diagnosis of malaria parasites and arboviruses and surveillance of mosquito vectors: A systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence

Spectroscopy-based techniques are emerging diagnostic and surveillance tools for mosquito-borne diseases. This review has consolidated summarised recent research in the application of Raman infrared spectroscopy including near- mid-infrared malaria arboviruses, identified knowledge gaps, recommended future directions. Full-length peer - reviewed journal articles related to (near- mid-infrared) arboviruses were systematically searched PUBMED, MEDILINE, Web Science databases using PRISMA guidelines. In text studies included methodology technique used, data analysis applied, wavelengths key findings diagnosis mosquito vectors. A total 58 met inclusion criteria our systematic literature search. Although there was an increased spectroscopy-based last 10 years, indicates that (RS) been applied exclusively arboviruses. The (MIRS) assessed parasites human blood as a tool vectors, whereas near-infrared (NIRS) almost arbovirus Conclusions/Significance potential RS vectors MIRS is yet be assessed. NIRS capacity should validated under field conditions, its needs evaluated. It all 3 evaluated simultaneously multiple machine learning epidemiological settings determine most accurate each application. Prior their application, standardised protocol spectra collection developed. will harmonise allowing easy faster integration into existing disease control platforms. Ultimately, development rapid cost-effective point-of-care based on may help combat current outbreaks these infectious